A Timeline of Network History Stan Kulikowski II (stankuli@UWF.bitnet) Educational Research and Development Center University of West Florida Pensacola, FL 32514 early work 1958 ARPA established 1962 Paul Baran, RAND Corp study survivability of multiplex data units and mesh networks vs. star topologies 1964 _On Distributed Communication_ 11 vol set published by Rand Corp 1965 Donald Davies, National Physical Lab, UK packetizing data for storage and forwarding 1965 Intel communications satellite launched 1967 Larry Roberts, MIT Lincoln Labs writes RFP for _Interface Message Processors_ ARPANET 0.056 Mbps Jul 1968 ARPA RFP packet-switched computer network Dec 1968 first contract to BBN for equip and software 1968 Control Data Corp, CYBERNET connect mainframes 2 Sep 1969 IMP1 Interface Message Processor starts UCLA 4 Honeywell 316 minicomputers at UCLA to SRI Dec 1969 then UCSB, Utah 1969 NewHall LAN topology (token ring) 1969 Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs UNIX operating system Larry Roberts writes first email prog as TECO macro For a decade grew at rate 1 new host every 20 days 1970 NPL starts operation of Mark I network 1970 Western Union begin AUTODIN for DoD 1970-71 Norman Abrahamson, Univ Hawaii, develops ALOHA net 1971 ARPA Net Working Group produce NCP host protocol 1971 French PTT begins RCP prototype network 1971 token ring LAN at Bell Labs, Pierce Loop Apr 1971 23 hosts on ARPANET 1971 intel 4004, first 4-bit commercial microcomputers 1972 first public demo of ARPANET at ICCC 1972 dial up services for remote terminals 1972 intel 8008, first 8-bit commercial microcomputers 1972 IBM form VNET using NJE protocols 1972 Michigan Educational Research Info Triad, MERIT 1972 French CYCLADES research network 1972 Australian CSIROnet research network 1970-73 Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs, Xerox Parc develop Ethernet LAN 22 May 1973 Bob Metcalfe coins term 'ethernet' in Xerox PARC memo Jun 1973 Cerf and Kahn begin work on TCP/IP protocols Jun 1974 62 hosts on ARPANET 1974 IBM System Network Architecture SNA 1974 Berlin HMInet research network 1 Jul 1975 Defense Communications Agency takes over ARPANET Jul 1975 BBN opens Telenet, commercial version of ARPANET 1975 DARCOM MsgGroup, one of first mailing lists 1975 AT&T aggressively licenses UNIX to universities 1975 Xerox XNS protocols 1975 BERNnet expands HMInet to West Germany 1975 European Informatics Network EIN begins operation 1976 PRNET, Packet Radio NET started 1976 Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) 1976 DEC begins DECNET DNA protocols 1976 Atlantic Packet Satellite Network SATNET Mar 1977 111 hosts on ARPANET 1977 ISO sets up SC16 subcommittee to develop OSI 1977 Canada DATAPAC public data network 1977 Tymshare begins Tymnet service 1977 New Zealand DSIRnet 1978 Internet protocols become operational 1978 UUCP file copy protocols for UNIX systems 1978 France TRANSPAC network starts 1978 UNINETT start for Norwegian Science Research Council 1979 PRNET adopted by 18th Airborne 1979 USENET newsreader services via UUCP, first Duke+UNC 1979 Australian Computer Science Network ACSnet 1979 England SERCnet develop Coloured Book protocols 1980 new X.25, packet length and window size negotiable 1980 CSNET founded by NSF, 200 hosts 15 countries 1980 Swedish University network SUNET 1981 BITNET funded by IBM, first CUNY and Yale 1981 BSD version 4.1 Berkeley UNIX 1981 PRNET deployed by SAC 1982 Lax Report funded by NSF and DDN 1982 England Joint Academic Network JANET 1982 Germany Deutsches Forschungsnetz DFN 1 Jan 1983 NCP deactivated on ARPANET, now completely TCP/IP 27 Sep 1983 MCImail begins service ARPANET/AUTODIN shootout, army drops AUTODIN2 research 1983 ARPANET/MILNET split 1983 ISO OSI becomes an international standard 1983 Canada NetNorth the great FINGER controversy ?? Black Tuesday: 1st global routing failure early 80s Gateway Wars ?? 1985 routing gridlocked Oct 1985 most ARPANET users shunted into T1 NSFNET 1985 NORDUnet connects Scandinavian universities Jun 1990 last nodes closed, ARPANET fully decommissioned INTERNET T1 connections (1.5 Mbps) (not really a backbone) Sep 1981 IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP protocols version 4 1985-86 NSF funds 5 supercomputer centers 1986 X.400-Internet address translation 1987 BITNET and CSNET merge to form CREN 18 Sep 1989 Compuserve begins Internet messaging 1 Nov 1988 Internet worm Oct 1989 MCImail relay to Internet opens May 1990 Sprintmail begins Internet/X.400 gateway Aug 1990 IETF Vancouver, foresee depletion of IP numbers Oct 1990 AT&Tmail opens Internet gateway Nov 1991 IETF Sante Fe, "something wonderful happened" BGP group propose CIDR 'Supernetting' ROAD ROuting and ADdressing group formed Jun 1991 Announce plans for Internet Society at INET91 (Copenhagen) Jan 1992 ISOC Internet Society officially launched Jun 1992 ISOC Annual Conference at INET92 Kobe, Japan. Internet Activities Board renamed to Internet Architecture Board. IETF/IRTF brought into ISOC. Dec 1992 TCP/IP wins Technology of the Year Award from Infoworld (published by Bob Metcalfe) Dec 1992 turn off T1 circuits NSFNET T3 connections (45 Mbps) 1987 Merit wins $14M-20M grant from NSF Merit subcontracts to ANS ANS run by Merit and MCI ($6M) and IBM ($10M) Michigan contributes ($5M) Jul 1988 T3 came online, actual costs to NSF $28M May 1989 1 billion packets per month May 1990 3.15 billion packets per month May 1991 7.56 billion packets per month PSInet absorbs NYSERNET obtains commercial access May 1992 14.9 billion packets per month Feb 1993 26 billion packets per month 1993 America Online and Delphi provides Internet access 1993 Internet Talk Radio use MBONE protocol to simulcast with National Public Radio broadcast NREN target 1996, 3 Gbps (3000 Mbps) 24 Jun 1986 Albert Gore (D-TN) introduce S 2594 Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986 Jul 1986 Cleveland Freenet begins, 500 logins per day 20 Nov 1987 OSTP report to Congress 18 May 1989 S 1067 High-Performance Computing Act introduced Bush administration resist HPC and NREN FrEdMail grassroots volunteer K-12 BBS network Apr 1990 CNRI $15.8M for gigabit testbeds 11 May 1990 US Supreme Court, Project Hermes online opinions ftp info.umd.edu cd info/USGovt/SupremeCt/Decisions 1990 Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Mitch Kapor May 1991 TENET Texas Educational Net, K-12 joins Internet 1991 Congressional bills S272 and HR 656 High Performance Computing and NREN Act of 1991 1992 NREN Program - Report to Congress, issued by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology (ftp nic.merit.edu cd nren get nrencongr.txt) 30 Apr 1993 Library of Congress goes online telnet locis.loc.gov ftp seq1.loc.gov Jun 1993 Clinton administration brings executive online president@whitehouse.gov Jun 1993 Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993 22 Nov 1993 Nat'l Communications Competition & Information Infrastructure Act of 1993 (introduced HR 3636) 30 Nov 1993 EDGAR online funded by NSF 1994 Congressional Record and Federal Register online? ========================================================================= Miscellaneous support material PARC Forum Thursday, September 16, 1993 PARC Auditorium, 4:00 P.M. Ethernet 20th Birthday -- Early History of the Ethernet Bob Metcalfe, Publisher, Infoworld Dave Boggs, DEC Western Research Laboratory May 22, 1973 was the birthday of the Ethernet. On that date, Bob Metcalfe used the word Ethernet in a memo to describe a project previously known as the Alto Aloha net. And Ethernet has been a major part of local area networks ever since. At this Forum, the inventors of Ethernet will look back at the situation and events of 20 years ago. ---What were the initial goals? How did they change over time? ---What were Ethernet's main competitors in 1973? Why didn't they succeed? ---Why was the initial data transfer rate fixed at exactly 2.94 Mbit/second? How did it eventually get to 10 Mbps? ---How did Intel and DEC get involved? How did Ethernet become a standard? Were there any compromises? ---A glimpse towards the future of Ethernet. Host: Giuliana Lavendel/PARC Information Center ------------------------- This Forum is OPEN to the public. For more information contact Giuliana Lavendel or Kathy Jarvis at (415) 812-4042 or KJarvis@PARC.xerox.com Date: Wed 1 Nov 1988 23:38 PCT From: Peter Yee To: Internet TCP-IP mailing list "We are currently under attack from an Internet Virus." ------------------------------------------------ Date Hosts (month num) SEP 81 213 1 MAY 82 235 9 SEP 83 562 25 OCT 84 1,024 38 OCT 85 1,961 50 FEB 86 2,308 54 NOV 86 5,089 63 DEC 87 28,174 76 JUL 88 33,000 83 OCT 88 56,000 87 JAN 89 80,000 90 JUL 89 130,000 96 OCT 89 159,000 99 OCT 90 313,000 111 JAN 91 376,000 114 JUL 91 535,000 120 OCT 91 617,000 123 JAN 92 727,000 126 M. Lottor (1992) Internet Growth (1981-1991) ------------------------------------------------ monthly reports: ftp nic.merit.edu cd /nsfnet/engineering.reports see Inspector General NSF Review of NSFNET ftp nic.merit.edu cd nsfnet get ig.report -------------------------------------------- Figure NSFNET Packet Traffic History -------------------------------------------- Current network problems: Gross and Almquist (1992) 1. Class B IP Number exhaustion - NSFnet routing database has doubled ever 12 months for last several years. - current Class B IP nums will run out in late 1994 at this rate - will run out of IP network nums before host nums. 2. Routing table explosion - limits in high-end router memory 16000 routes max will exceed this early 1994. - plans to ship new routers 64000 routes max adequate to 1996. - human operators eventually will be unable to configure routing tables and monitor traffic. ----------------------------------------- /nren/INDEX.nren 26 February 1993 Merit Network Information Center Services NIC.MERIT.EDU FTP.MERIT.EDU FTP.MICHNET.NET NIS.NSF.NET (35.1.1.48) Merit's Network Information Center host computer, accessible via anonymous FTP, contains a wide array of information about the Internet, NSFNET, and MichNet. The /nren directory is devoted to governmental activity pertaining to the National Research and Education Network. clinton.1993/ President Clinton's Technology Initiative of 1993. hearing.12mar92/ Testimony given on March 12, 1992, to the House Subcommittee on Science, Space, and Technology pertaining to management of the NSFNET. hpca.1991/ House and Senate activity leading to passage in 1991 of The High Performance Computing Act. iita.1992/ House and Senate activity relating to The Information Infrastructure and Technology Act of 1992. net92.boucher.txt Remarks of Congressman Fred Boucher (D-VA) before the National Net '92 Conference. 418 lines, 24,065 bytes Mar 1992 nrencongr.ps NREN Program - Report to Congress, issued by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology PostScript, 60 pages, 388,488 bytes Dec 1992 nrencongr.txt NREN Program - Report to Congress, issued by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 3,210 lines, 136,943 bytes 1992