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Other special characters

[*] If you have set the history option (see section [*]), you can use special characters to repeat previously entered commands without retyping them. Here are some of them:[+]


    !!          On a line by itself will repeat the most recent event.
    !com        Will repeat the most recent event that begins with "com".
    !?string    Will repeat the most recent event that contained "string".
    !-n         Will repeat the nth previous event.
    !n          Will repeat the nth event.  Type "history" to see the events 
                numbered.
    ^old^new^   Will substitute "new" for the first occurrence of "old" in the 
                most recent event, and repeats that event.
    :           Will select specific words from an event line so you
                can repeat parts of an event, e.g. 

        !?adam:s/adam/eve/ 

                will substitute "eve" for "adam" and repeat the last event 
                with "adam" in it.
The semicolon, ``;'', separates commands. Typing


    clear ; ls
is equivalent to typing each command on a separate command line.

The ``&'' symbol tells the shell to execute the command in the background. For example, typing xid & would execute XID in the background and give my Unix command line back so I could continue to use it even while XID was running.

The C shell also finds special meaning in the following:


    "  `  {  }  #
Rather than explain the uses of these special characters, I caution you to avoid using them in filenames.


c.c.taylor@ieee.org